Electric Car Setbacks: Understanding Causes, Comparisons, and Solutions
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular, but one aspect that often goes unnoticed is the efficiency of charging. A recent study by ADAC has shed light on this issue, revealing significant differences in charging efficiency between various EV models.
Firstly, it's important to note that using a wallbox for charging reduces charging time and losses. This is due to the fact that wallboxes shorten the time the control electronics consume power. When it comes to specific models, the charging loss for the VW ID.3 is 13.6% at 2.3 kW, and 9.0% at 11 kW. The Tesla Model 3, on the other hand, has a charging loss of 15.2% at 2.3 kW, and 7.7% at 11 kW. Interestingly, the Fiat 500e shows a charging loss of 12.7% at 2.3 kW, and 6.3% at 11 kW.
At a wallbox, the charging loss is around 5% to 10%. This is a significant improvement over charging at a household socket, where the charging loss can range between 10% and 30%, depending on the model and charging power.
Experts see room for improvement from manufacturers in efficient onboard charging devices. To address this, manufacturers are implementing advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) that balance cells to unlock full battery capacity, optimize charging profiles with intelligent algorithms for faster and more efficient charging, and ensure battery longevity to reduce replacement and energy waste. Additionally, they focus on minimizing mechanical and electrical losses through high-efficiency components such as low-friction housings, bearings, and insulation materials.
Furthermore, the study demonstrates that charging at a wallbox instead of a household socket reduces charging loss by 14.5% and saves around 120 euros per year for an annual mileage of 10,000 km (for the Renault Zoe). Another interesting finding is that a warm battery is more efficient, especially in winter.
In conclusion, while electric vehicles offer numerous benefits, the efficiency of charging is a crucial factor to consider. By choosing a model with lower charging losses and charging at a wallbox, EV owners can save money and reduce their environmental impact. Manufacturers are continually working to improve charging efficiency, and we can expect to see further advancements in this area in the future.
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